摘要：对开式运行的两端供电网的经济运行方式进行分析，推导出择优运行及节电计算式，同时用实例验证了两端供电网开式经济运行的节电效果显着。
0引言
开式运行方式通常采用的是：电源甲供变(配)电所A、C，电源乙供变(配)电所B；电源甲供变(配)电所A，电源乙供变(配)电所B、C。即变(配)电所C的负载是由电源甲供电，还是由电源乙供电，需在这两种运行方式中通过定量计算，优选损耗的经济运行方式。
为使分析计算简单化，计算中取电网运行电压U等于额定电压UΝ，各负载功率因数cosφ为平均值cosφp。这是因为电网运行电压在规定的范围内，与额定值的偏差大不超过10％；目前在电网中普遍应用无功补偿装置，基本实现无功就地平衡，各变(配)电所负载的功率因数都比较高，这些假设对计算结果造成的误差很小。
本文首先对3个变(配)电所电网开式经济运行方式进行分析讨论，再深入到有多个变(配)电所的电网。
13个变(配)电所电网经济运行方式的判定
1.1有功经济运行方式的临界负载令变电所A、B、C的负载分配系数分别为DA、DB、DC，其与各负载间的关系为
DA和DB的关系有；
DA＋DB=1
当变电所C的负载SC由电源甲供电时，既要在线路L1C的R1C产生有功功率损失，又要引起线路L11的R11损失的增加，由负载SC所产生的总有功功率损失的ΔP甲C(kW)计算式
当变电所C的负载SC由电源乙供电时，既要在线路L2C的R2C产生有功功率损失，又要引起线路L21的R21的损失增加。由负载SC所产生的总有功功率损失的ΔP乙C(kW)计算式
以上二式中，当R11、R21、R1C、R2C、和Sσ、DC为常数时，则ΔP甲C=f(DA)和ΔP乙C=f(DA)。令ΔP甲C=ΔP乙C整理后得：
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